Q.1 The ancient civilization in the Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment. (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Q.2 Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment. (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Q.3 How difficult would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss. (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Q.4 Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B R Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate. (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Q.5 It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years but its experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935. Discuss. (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Q.6 Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present times? (150 words, 10 marks)

Q.7 To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically. (150 words, 10 marks)

Q.8 Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity. (150 words, 10 Marks)

Q.9 Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India. (150 words, 10 Marks)

Q.10 How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favorable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes? (150 words, 10 Marks)

Q.11 Discuss the changes in the trends of labor migration within and outside India in the last four decades. (250 words, 15 Marks)

Q.12 Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India. (250 words, 15 Marks)

Q.13 Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements of assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste. (250 words, 15 Marks)

Q.14 Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation? [200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.15 Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three megacities of the country but the air pollution is a much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?[200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.16 India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. [200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.17 The state of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are reaching the limits of ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically Evaluate. [200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.18 How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscape? Discuss.[200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.19 Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration. [200 Words, 12.5 Marks]

Q.20 What is the economic significance of the discovery of oil in the Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences?[200 Words, 12.5 Marks ]